Summary: Transmembrane amino acid transporter protein
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This is the Wikipedia entry entitled "Amino acid transporter". More...
Amino acid transporter Edit Wikipedia article
| Transmembrane amino acid transporter protein | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Aa_trans | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF01490 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR013057 | ||||||||
| TCDB | 2.A.18 | ||||||||
| Membranome | 228 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
An amino acid transporter is a membrane transport protein that transports amino acids. They are mainly of the solute carrier family.
Contents
Families
There are several families that function in amino acid transport, some of these include:
- TC# 2.A.3 - Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Superfamily
- TC# 2.A.18 - Amino Acid/Auxin Permease (AAAP) Family
- TC# 2.A.23 - Dicarboxylate/Amino Acid:Cation (Na+ or H+) Symporter (DAACS) Family
- TC# 2.A.26 - Branched Chain Amino Acid:Cation Symporter (LIVCS) Family
- TC# 2.A.42 - Hydroxy/Aromatic Amino Acid Permease (HAAAP) Family
- TC# 2.A.78 - Branched Chain Amino Acid Exporter (LIV-E) Family
- TC# 2.A.95 - 6TMS Neutral Amino Acid Transporter (NAAT) Family
- TC# 2.A.118 - Basic Amino Acid Antiporter (ArcD) Family
- TC# 2.A.120 - Putative Amino Acid Permease (PAAP) Family
Solute carrier family examples
- (1) high affinity glutamate and neutral amino acid transporter[1]
- (3) heavy subunits of heteromeric amino acid transporters[2]
- (6) Bacterial Leucine Transporter (LeuT)[3]
- (7) cationic amino acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated[4]
- (15) proton oligopeptide cotransporter[5]
- (17) vesicular glutamate transporter[6]
- (18) vesicular amine transporter[7]
- (25) some mitochondrial carriers[8]
- (26) multifunctional anion exchanger[9]
- (32) vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter[10]
- (36) proton-coupled amino acid transporter[11]
- (38) System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter[12]
VIAAT
Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VIAAT) is responsible for the storage of GABA and glycine in neuronal synaptic vesicles.[13]
Human proteins containing this domain
SLC32A1; SLC36A1; SLC36A2; SLC36A3; SLC36A4; SLC38A1; SLC38A2; SLC38A3; SLC38A4; SLC38A5; SLC38A6.
See also
- Solute carrier family
- Amino acid transport
- Amino acid transport, acidic
- Amino acid transport, basic
- Amino acid transport disorder
- Amino acid
- Transporter Classification Database
References
- ^ Kanai Y, Hediger MA (2004). "The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects". Pflügers Arch. 447 (5): 469–479. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1146-4. PMID 14530974.
- ^ Palacin M, Kanai Y (2004). "The ancillary proteins of HATs: SLC3 family of amino acid transporters". Pflügers Arch. 447 (5): 490–494. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1062-7. PMID 14770309.
- ^ Singh SK, Piscitelli CL, Yamashita A, Gouaux E (2008). "A competitive inhibitor traps LeuT in an open-to-out conformation". Science. 322 (5908): 1655–1661. doi:10.1126/science.1166777. PMC 2832577. PMID 19074341.
- ^ Verrey F, Closs EI, Wagner CA, Palacin M, Endou H, Kanai Y (2004). "CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters" (PDF). Pflügers Arch. 447 (5): 532–542. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1086-z. PMID 14770310.
- ^ Daniel H, Kottra G (2004). "The proton oligopeptide cotransporter family SLC15 in physiology and pharmacology". Pflügers Arch. 447 (5): 610–618. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1101-4. PMID 12905028.
- ^ Reimer RJ, Edwards RH (2004). "Organic anion transport is the primary function of the SLC17/type I phosphate transporter family". Pflügers Arch. 447 (5): 629–635. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1087-y. PMID 12811560.
- ^ Eiden LE, Schafer MK, Weihe E, Schutz B (2004). "The vesicular amine transporter family (SLC18): amine/proton antiporters required for vesicular accumulation and regulated exocytotic secretion of monoamines and acetylcholine". Pflügers Arch. 447 (5): 636–640. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1100-5. PMID 12827358.
- ^ Palmieri F (2004). "The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications". Pflügers Arch. 447 (5): 689–709. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1099-7. PMID 14598172.
- ^ Mount DB, Romero MF (2004). "The SLC26 gene family of multifunctional anion exchangers". Pflügers Arch. 447 (5): 710–721. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1090-3. PMID 12759755.
- ^ Gasnier B (2004). "The SLC32 transporter, a key protein for the synaptic release of inhibitory amino acids". Pflügers Arch. 447 (5): 752–755. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1091-2. PMID 12750892.
- ^ Boll M, Daniel H, Gasnier B (2004). "The SLC36 family: proton-coupled transporters for the absorption of selected amino acids from extracellular and intracellular proteolysis family". Pflügers Arch. 447 (5): 776–779. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1073-4. PMID 12748860.
- ^ Mackenzie B, Erickson JD (2004). "Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid (System N/A) transporters of the SLC38 gene family". Pflügers Arch. 447 (5): 784–795. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1117-9. PMID 12845534.
- ^ [Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transporter Is Present in Glucagon-Containing Secretory Granules in {alpha}TC6 Cells, Mouse Clonal {alpha}-Cells, and {alpha}-Cells of Islets of Langerhans] Diabetes 52:2066-2074, 2003
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This tab holds the annotation information that is stored in the Pfam database. As we move to using Wikipedia as our main source of annotation, the contents of this tab will be gradually replaced by the Wikipedia tab.
Transmembrane amino acid transporter protein Provide feedback
This transmembrane region is found in many amino acid transporters including UNC-47 and MTR. UNC-47 encodes a vesicular amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter, (VGAT). UNC-47 is predicted to have 10 transmembrane domains P34579 [1]. MTR is a N system amino acid transporter system protein involved in methyltryptophan resistance P38680. Other members of this family include proline transporters and amino acid permeases.
Literature references
-
McIntire SL, Reimer RJ, Schuske K, Edwards RH, Jorgensen EM; , Nature 1997;389:870-876.: Identification and characterization of the vesicular GABA transporter. PUBMED:9349821 EPMC:9349821
Internal database links
| SCOOP: | AA_permease AA_permease_2 Cation_ATPase_C Spore_permease Trp_Tyr_perm |
| Similarity to PfamA using HHSearch: | AA_permease Trp_Tyr_perm Spore_permease AA_permease_2 |
External database links
| Transporter classification: | 2.A.18 |
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR013057
This transmembrane domain is found in many amino acid transporters including SWISSPROT (UNC-47) and SWISSPROT (MTR). UNC-47 encodes a vesicular amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter, (VGAT) and is is predicted to have 10 transmembrane domains UNC47_CAEEL [PUBMED:9349821]. MTR is an N system amino acid transporter system protein involved in methyltryptophan resistance MTR_NEUCR. Other proteins with this domain include proline transporters and amino acid transporters whose specificity has not yet been identified.
Domain organisation
Below is a listing of the unique domain organisations or architectures in which this domain is found. More...
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Pfam Clan
This family is a member of clan APC (CL0062), which has the following description:
This large superfamily contains a variety of transporters including amino acid permeases that according to TCDB belong to the APC (Amino acid-Polyamine-organoCation) superfamily.
The clan contains the following 20 members:
AA_permease AA_permease_2 AA_permease_C Aa_trans BCCT BenE Branch_AA_trans CstA HCO3_cotransp K_trans MFS_MOT1 Na_Ala_symp Nramp SNF Spore_permease SSF Sulfate_transp Transp_cyt_pur Trp_Tyr_perm Xan_ur_permeaseAlignments
We store a range of different sequence alignments for families. As well as the seed alignment from which the family is built, we provide the full alignment, generated by searching the sequence database (reference proteomes) using the family HMM. We also generate alignments using four representative proteomes (RP) sets, the UniProtKB sequence database, the NCBI sequence database, and our metagenomics sequence database. More...
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We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family. You can see a description of each above. You can view these alignments in various ways but please note that some types of alignment are never generated while others may not be available for all families, most commonly because the alignments are too large to handle.
| Seed (23) |
Full (27738) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (45830) |
NCBI (67533) |
Meta (142) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RP15 (3854) |
RP35 (12306) |
RP55 (19989) |
RP75 (27722) |
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| Jalview | |||||||||
| HTML | |||||||||
| PP/heatmap | 1 | ||||||||
1Cannot generate PP/Heatmap alignments for seeds; no PP data available
Key:
available,
not generated,
— not available.
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We make all of our alignments available in Stockholm format. You can download them here as raw, plain text files or as gzip-compressed files.
| Seed (23) |
Full (27738) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (45830) |
NCBI (67533) |
Meta (142) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RP15 (3854) |
RP35 (12306) |
RP55 (19989) |
RP75 (27722) |
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| Raw Stockholm | |||||||||
| Gzipped | |||||||||
You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.
HMM logo
HMM logos is one way of visualising profile HMMs. Logos provide a quick overview of the properties of an HMM in a graphical form. You can see a more detailed description of HMM logos and find out how you can interpret them here. More...
Trees
This page displays the phylogenetic tree for this family's seed alignment. We use FastTree to calculate neighbour join trees with a local bootstrap based on 100 resamples (shown next to the tree nodes). FastTree calculates approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees from our seed alignment.
Note: You can also download the data file for the tree.
Curation and family details
This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.
Curation
| Seed source: | Pfam-B_419 (release 4.0) |
| Previous IDs: | none |
| Type: | Family |
| Sequence Ontology: | SO:0100021 |
| Author: |
Bashton M  , Bateman A
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| Number in seed: | 23 |
| Number in full: | 27738 |
| Average length of the domain: | 342.70 aa |
| Average identity of full alignment: | 16 % |
| Average coverage of the sequence by the domain: | 77.18 % |
HMM information
| HMM build commands: |
build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED
search method: hmmsearch -Z 47079205 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq
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| Model details: |
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| Model length: | 409 | ||||||||||||
| Family (HMM) version: | 19 | ||||||||||||
| Download: | download the raw HMM for this family |
Species distribution
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Colour assignments
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Structures
For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the Aa_trans domain has been found. There are 4 instances of this domain found in the PDB. Note that there may be multiple copies of the domain in a single PDB structure, since many structures contain multiple copies of the same protein sequence.
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