Summary: Apolipoprotein C-I (ApoC-1)
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Apolipoprotein C1 Edit Wikipedia article
| ApoC-I | |||||||||
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structural studies of a baboon (papio sp.) plasma protein inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transferase.
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| Symbol | ApoC-I | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF04691 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR006781 | ||||||||
| SCOP | 1ale | ||||||||
| SUPERFAMILY | 1ale | ||||||||
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Apolipoprotein C-I is a protein component of lipoproteins that in humans is encoded by the APOC1 gene.[1][2]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the apolipoprotein C family. This gene is expressed primarily in the liver, and it is activated when monocytes differentiate into macrophages. A pseudogene of this gene is located 4 kb downstream in the same orientation, on the same chromosome. This gene is mapped to chromosome 19, where it resides within an apolipoprotein gene cluster. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined.[3]
Apolipoprotein C1 has a length of 57 amino acids normally found in plasma and responsible for the activation of esterified lecithin cholesterol with an important role in the exchange of esterified cholesterol between lipoproteins and in removal of cholesterol from tissues. Its main function is inhibition of CETP, probably by altering the electric charge of HDL molecules.
During fasting (like other apolipoprotein C), it is found primarily within HDL, while after a meal it is found on the surface of other lipoproteins. When proteins rich in triglycerides like chylomicrons and VLDL are broken down, this apoprotein is transferred again to HDL. It is one of the most positively charged proteins in the human body.
Interactive pathway map
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]
- ^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".
References
- ^ Tata F, Henry I, Markham AF, Wallis SC, Weil D, Grzeschik KH, Junien C, Williamson R, Humphries SE (1985). "Isolation and characterisation of a cDNA clone for human apolipoprotein CI and assignment of the gene to chromosome 19". Hum. Genet. 69 (4): 345–9. doi:10.1007/BF00291654. PMID 2985493.
- ^ Smit M, van der Kooij-Meijs E, Frants RR, Havekes L, Klasen EC (January 1988). "Apolipoprotein gene cluster on chromosome 19. Definite localization of the APOC2 gene and the polymorphic Hpa I site associated with type III hyperlipoproteinemia". Hum. Genet. 78 (1): 90–3. doi:10.1007/BF00291243. PMID 2892779.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: APOC1 apolipoprotein C-I".
Further reading
- Shulman RS, Herbert PN, Wehrly K, Fredrickson DS (1975). "Thf complete amino acid sequence of C-I (apoLp-Ser), an apolipoprotein from human very low density lipoproteins". J. Biol. Chem. 250 (1): 182–90. PMID 166984.
- Lauer SJ, Walker D, Elshourbagy NA, et al. (1988). "Two copies of the human apolipoprotein C-I gene are linked closely to the apolipoprotein E gene". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (15): 7277–86. PMID 2835369.
- Smit M, van der Kooij-Meijs E, Woudt LP, et al. (1988). "Exact localization of the familial dysbetalipoproteinemia associated HpaI restriction site in the promoter region of the APOC1 gene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 152 (3): 1282–8. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80424-8. PMID 2897845.
- Davison PJ, Norton P, Wallis SC, et al. (1986). "There are two gene sequences for human apolipoprotein CI (apo CI) on chromosome 19, one of which is 4 kb from the gene for apo E". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 136 (3): 876–84. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(86)90414-6. PMID 3013172.
- Myklebost O, Rogne S (1986). "The gene for human apolipoprotein CI is located 4.3 kilobases away from the apolipoprotein E gene on chromosome 19". Hum. Genet. 73 (4): 286–9. doi:10.1007/BF00279087. PMID 3017837.
- Jackson RL, Sparrow JT, Baker HN, et al. (1974). "The primary structure of apolopoprotein-serine". J. Biol. Chem. 249 (16): 5308–13. PMID 4369340.
- Knott TJ, Robertson ME, Priestley LM, et al. (1984). "Characterisation of mRNAs encoding the precursor for human apolipoprotein CI". Nucleic Acids Res. 12 (9): 3909–15. doi:10.1093/nar/12.9.3909. PMC 318798. PMID 6328444.
- Servillo L, Brewer HB, Osborne JC (1981). "Evaluation of the mixed interaction between apolipoproteins A-II and C-I equilibrium sedimentation". Biophys. Chem. 13 (1): 29–38. doi:10.1016/0301-4622(81)80022-1. PMID 6789904.
- Curry MD, McConathy WJ, Fesmire JD, Alaupovic P (1981). "Quantitative determination of apolipoproteins C-I and C-II in human plasma by separate electroimmunoassays". Clin. Chem. 27 (4): 543–8. PMID 7471419.
- Rozek A, Buchko GW, Cushley RJ (1995). "Conformation of two peptides corresponding to human apolipoprotein C-I residues 7-24 and 35-53 in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate by CD and NMR spectroscopy". Biochemistry 34 (22): 7401–8. doi:10.1021/bi00022a013. PMID 7779782.
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Trask B, Fertitta A, Christensen M, et al. (1993). "Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of human chromosome 19: cytogenetic band location of 540 cosmids and 70 genes or DNA markers". Genomics 15 (1): 133–45. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1021. PMID 8432525.
- Kamino K, Yoshiiwa A, Nishiwaki Y, et al. (1996). "Genetic association study between senile dementia of Alzheimer's type and APOE/C1/C2 gene cluster". Gerontology. 42 Suppl 1: 12–9. doi:10.1159/000213820. PMID 8804993.
- Rozek A, Buchko GW, Kanda P, Cushley RJ (1998). "Conformational studies of the N-terminal lipid-associating domain of human apolipoprotein C-I by CD and 1H NMR spectroscopy". Protein Sci. 6 (9): 1858–68. doi:10.1002/pro.5560060906. PMC 2143781. PMID 9300485.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, et al. (1999). "Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis". Nat. Genet. 22 (3): 239–47. doi:10.1038/10297. PMID 10391210.
- Freitas EM, Zhang WJ, Lalonde JP, et al. (1999). "Sequencing of 42kb of the APO E-C2 gene cluster reveals a new gene: PEREC1". DNA Seq. 9 (2): 89–100. doi:10.3109/10425179809086433. PMID 10520737.
- Gautier T, Masson D, de Barros JP, et al. (2001). "Human apolipoprotein C-I accounts for the ability of plasma high density lipoproteins to inhibit the cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (48): 37504–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007210200. PMID 10978346.
- Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
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This article on a gene on human chromosome 19 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
This page is based on a Wikipedia article. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
This tab holds the annotation information that is stored in the Pfam database. As we move to using Wikipedia as our main source of annotation, the contents of this tab will be gradually replaced by the Wikipedia tab.
Apolipoprotein C-I (ApoC-1) Provide feedback
Apolipoprotein C-I (ApoC-1) is a water-soluble protein component of plasma lipoprotein. It solubalises lipids and regulates lipid metabolism. ApoC-1 transfers among HDL (high density lipoprotein), VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) and chylomicrons. ApoC-1 activates lecithin:choline acetyltransferase (LCAT), inhibits cholesteryl ester transfer protein, can inhibit hepatic lipase and phospholipase 2 and can stimulate cell growth. ApoC-1 delays the clearance of beta-VLDL by inhibiting its uptake via the LDL receptor-related pathway [1]. ApoC-1 has been implicated in hypertriglyceridemia [2] and Alzheimer's disease [3].
Literature references
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Gursky O; , Biochemistry 2001;40:12178-12185.: Solution conformation of human apolipoprotein C-1 inferred from proline mutagenesis: far- and near-UV CD study. PUBMED:11580293 EPMC:11580293
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Shachter NS; , Curr Opin Lipidol 2001;12:297-304.: Apolipoproteins C-I and C-III as important modulators of lipoprotein metabolism. PUBMED:11353333 EPMC:11353333
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Petit-Turcotte C, Stohl SM, Beffert U, Cohn JS, Aumont N, Tremblay M, Dea D, Yang L, Poirier J, Shachter NS; , Neurobiol Dis 2001;8:953-963.: Apolipoprotein C-I expression in the brain in Alzheimer's disease. PUBMED:11741391 EPMC:11741391
External database links
| SCOP: | 1ale |
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR006781
Exchangeable apolipoproteins are water-soluble protein components of lipoproteins that solubilise lipids and regulate their metabolism by binding to cell receptors or activating specific enzymes. Apolipoprotein C-I (ApoC-1) is the smallest exchangeable apolipoprotein and transfers among HDL (high density lipoprotein), VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) and chlylomicrons. ApoC-1 activates lecithin:choline acetyltransferase (LCAT), inhibits cholesteryl ester transfer protein, can inhibit hepatic lipase and phospholipase 2 and can stimulate cell growth. ApoC-1 delays the clearance of beta-VLDL by inhibiting its uptake via the LDL receptor-related pathway [PUBMED:11580293]. ApoC-1 has been implicated in hypertriglyceridemia [PUBMED:11353333], and Alzheimer s disease [PUBMED:11741391].
ApoC-1 is believed to comprise of two dynamic helices that are stabilised by interhelical interactions and are connected by a short linker region. The minimal folding unit in the lipid-free state of this and other exchangeable apolipoproteins comprises the helix-turn-helix motif formed of four 11-mer sequence repeats.
Gene Ontology
The mapping between Pfam and Gene Ontology is provided by InterPro. If you use this data please cite InterPro.
| Cellular component | extracellular region (GO:0005576) |
| Biological process | lipoprotein metabolic process (GO:0042157) |
Domain organisation
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Alignments
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| Seed (11) |
Full (41) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (79) |
NCBI (134) |
Meta (0) |
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| RP15 (7) |
RP35 (9) |
RP55 (16) |
RP75 (32) |
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| PP/heatmap | 1 | ||||||||
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| Seed (11) |
Full (41) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (79) |
NCBI (134) |
Meta (0) |
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| RP15 (7) |
RP35 (9) |
RP55 (16) |
RP75 (32) |
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You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.
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Curation and family details
This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.
Curation
| Seed source: | DOMO:DM04729; |
| Previous IDs: | none |
| Type: | Family |
| Author: | Kerrison ND |
| Number in seed: | 11 |
| Number in full: | 41 |
| Average length of the domain: | 52.30 aa |
| Average identity of full alignment: | 53 % |
| Average coverage of the sequence by the domain: | 61.67 % |
HMM information
| HMM build commands: |
build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED
search method: hmmsearch -Z 17690987 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq
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| Model details: |
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| Model length: | 61 | ||||||||||||
| Family (HMM) version: | 10 | ||||||||||||
| Download: | download the raw HMM for this family |
Species distribution
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Structures
For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the ApoC-I domain has been found. There are 5 instances of this domain found in the PDB. Note that there may be multiple copies of the domain in a single PDB structure, since many structures contain multiple copies of the same protein seqence.
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