Summary: Senescence domain

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Senescence domain Provide feedback

This is the AAA ATPase senescence domain (SC) found at the C-terminal of plant senescence-associated proteins and spartin. In Hemerocallis, petals a genetically based program that leads to senescence and cell death approximately 24 hours after the flower opens, and it is believed that senescence proteins produced around that time have a role in this program [1]. This domain is also present at the C-terminal of Spartin, a protein from higher vertebrates associated with mitochondrial membranes and transportation along microtubules [2]. Spartin functions presynaptically with endocytic adaptor Eps15 to regulate synaptic growth and function. Mutations in human spartin gene cause Troyer syndrome, a hereditary spastic paraplegia [3]. This AAA ATPase domain, similar to other AAA proteins contain an alpha/beta nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a smaller four-helix bundle domain (HBD) [4]. Uniquely among AAA structures, spastin has two helices (N-terminal alpha1 and C-terminal alpha11) hat embrace the NBD [4].

Literature references

Panavas T, Pikula A, Reid PD, Rubinstein B, Walker EL; , Plant Mol Biol 1999;40:237-248.: Identification of senescence-associated genes from daylily petals. PUBMED:10412903 EPMC:10412903
Lu J, Rashid F, Byrne PC;, J Neurochem. 2006;98:1908-1919.: The hereditary spastic paraplegia protein spartin localises to mitochondria. PUBMED:16945107 EPMC:16945107
Nahm M, Lee MJ, Parkinson W, Lee M, Kim H, Kim YJ, Kim S, Cho YS, Min BM, Bae YC, Broadie K, Lee S;, Neuron. 2013;77:680-695.: Spartin regulates synaptic growth and neuronal survival by inhibiting BMP-mediated microtubule stabilization. PUBMED:23439121 EPMC:23439121
Roll-Mecak A, Vale RD;, Nature. 2008;451:363-367.: Structural basis of microtubule severing by the hereditary spastic paraplegia protein spastin. PUBMED:18202664 EPMC:18202664

This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.

InterPro entry IPR009686

This is the AAA ATPase domain found at the C-terminal of plant senescence-associated proteins and spartin. In Hemerocallis, petals have a genetically based program that leads to senescence and cell death approximately 24 hours, after the flower opens, and it is believed that senescence proteins produced around that time have a role in this program [ PUBMED:10412903 ]. This domain is also found at the C-terminal of Spartin, a protein from higher vertebrates associated with endosomal trafficking and microtubule dynamics [ PUBMED:12676568 ]. Spartin functions presynaptically with endocytic adaptor Eps15 to regulate synaptic growth and function. Mutations in human spartin gene cause Troyer syndrome, a hereditary spastic paraplegia [ PUBMED:23439121 ]. This AAA ATPase domain similar to other AAA proteins contain an alpha/beta nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a smaller four-helix bundle domain (HBD) [ PUBMED:18202664 ]. Uniquely among AAA structures, spastin has two helices (N-terminal alpha1 and C-terminal alpha11) that embrace the NBD [ PUBMED:18202664 ].

Domain organisation

Below is a listing of the unique domain organisations or architectures in which this domain is found. More...

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Pfam Clan

This family is a member of clan P-loop_NTPase (CL0023), which has the following description:

AAA family proteins often perform chaperone-like functions that assist in the assembly, operation, or disassembly of protein complexes [2].

The clan contains the following 245 members:

6PF2K AAA AAA-ATPase_like AAA_10 AAA_11 AAA_12 AAA_13 AAA_14 AAA_15 AAA_16 AAA_17 AAA_18 AAA_19 AAA_2 AAA_21 AAA_22 AAA_23 AAA_24 AAA_25 AAA_26 AAA_27 AAA_28 AAA_29 AAA_3 AAA_30 AAA_31 AAA_32 AAA_33 AAA_34 AAA_35 AAA_5 AAA_6 AAA_7 AAA_8 AAA_9 AAA_PrkA ABC_ATPase ABC_tran ABC_tran_Xtn Adeno_IVa2 Adenylsucc_synt ADK AFG1_ATPase AIG1 APS_kinase Arf ArsA_ATPase ATP-synt_ab ATP_bind_1 ATP_bind_2 ATPase ATPase_2 Bac_DnaA BCA_ABC_TP_C Beta-Casp bpMoxR BrxC_BrxD BrxL_ATPase Cas_Csn2 Cas_St_Csn2 CbiA CBP_BcsQ CDC73_C CENP-M CFTR_R CLP1_P CMS1 CoaE CobA_CobO_BtuR CobU cobW CPT CSM2 CTP_synth_N Cytidylate_kin Cytidylate_kin2 DAP3 DEAD DEAD_2 divDNAB DLIC DNA_pack_C DNA_pack_N DNA_pol3_delta DNA_pol3_delta2 DnaB_C dNK DO-GTPase1 DO-GTPase2 DUF1611 DUF2075 DUF2326 DUF2478 DUF257 DUF2813 DUF3584 DUF463 DUF4914 DUF5906 DUF6079 DUF815 DUF835 DUF87 DUF927 Dynamin_N Dynein_heavy Elong_Iki1 ELP6 ERCC3_RAD25_C Exonuc_V_gamma FeoB_N Fer4_NifH Flavi_DEAD FTHFS FtsK_SpoIIIE G-alpha Gal-3-0_sulfotr GBP GBP_C GpA_ATPase GpA_nuclease GTP_EFTU Gtr1_RagA Guanylate_kin GvpD_P-loop HDA2-3 Helicase_C Helicase_C_2 Helicase_C_4 Helicase_RecD HerA_C Herpes_Helicase Herpes_ori_bp Herpes_TK HydF_dimer HydF_tetramer Hydin_ADK IIGP IPPT IPT iSTAND IstB_IS21 KAP_NTPase KdpD Kinase-PPPase Kinesin KTI12 LAP1_C LpxK MCM MeaB MEDS Mg_chelatase Microtub_bd MipZ MMR_HSR1 MMR_HSR1_C MobB MukB Mur_ligase_M MutS_V Myosin_head NACHT NAT_N NB-ARC NOG1 NTPase_1 NTPase_P4 ORC3_N P-loop_TraG ParA Parvo_NS1 PAXNEB PduV-EutP PhoH PIF1 Ploopntkinase1 Ploopntkinase2 Ploopntkinase3 Podovirus_Gp16 Polyoma_lg_T_C Pox_A32 PPK2 PPV_E1_C PRK PSY3 Rad17 Rad51 Ras RecA ResIII RHD3_GTPase RhoGAP_pG1_pG2 RHSP RNA12 RNA_helicase Roc RsgA_GTPase RuvB_N SbcC_Walker_B SecA_DEAD Senescence Septin Sigma54_activ_2 Sigma54_activat SKI SMC_N SNF2-rel_dom SpoIVA_ATPase Spore_III_AA SRP54 SRPRB SulA Sulfotransfer_1 Sulfotransfer_2 Sulfotransfer_3 Sulfotransfer_4 Sulfotransfer_5 Sulphotransf SWI2_SNF2 T2SSE T4SS-DNA_transf TerL_ATPase Terminase_3 Terminase_6N Thymidylate_kin TIP49 TK TmcA_N TniB Torsin TraG-D_C tRNA_lig_kinase TrwB_AAD_bind TsaE UvrB UvrD-helicase UvrD_C UvrD_C_2 Viral_helicase1 VirC1 VirE YqeC Zeta_toxin Zot

Alignments

We store a range of different sequence alignments for families. As well as the seed alignment from which the family is built, we provide the full alignment, generated by searching the sequence database (reference proteomes) using the family HMM. We also generate alignments using four representative proteomes (RP) sets and the UniProtKB sequence database. More...

There are various ways to view or download the sequence alignments that we store. We provide several sequence viewers and a plain-text Stockholm-format file for download.

Alignment types

We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family:

seed: the curated alignment from which the HMM for the family is built
full: the alignment generated by searching the sequence database using the HMM
RP15/RP35/RP55/RP75: Representative Proteomes (RPs) at 15%, 35%, 55% and 75% co-membership thresholds
UniProt: alignment generated by searching the UniProtKB sequence database using the family HMM

Viewing

You can see the alignments as HTML or in three different sequence viewers:

jalview: a Java applet developed at the University of Dundee. You will need Java installed before running jalview
HTML: an HTML page showing the whole alignment.Please note: full Pfam alignments can be very large. These HTML views are extremely large and often cause problems for browsers. Please use either jalview or the Pfam viewer if you have trouble viewing the HTML version
PP/Heatmap: an HTML-based representation of the alignment, coloured according to the posterior-probability (PP) values from the HMM. As for the standard HTML view, heatmap alignments can also be very large and slow to render.

Reformatting

You can download (or view in your browser) a text representation of a Pfam alignment in various formats:

Selex
Stockholm
FASTA
MSF

You can also change the order in which sequences are listed in the alignment, change how insertions are represented, alter the characters that are used to represent gaps in sequences and, finally, choose whether to download the alignment or to view it in your browser directly.

Downloading

You may find that large alignments cause problems for the viewers and the reformatting tool, so we also provide all alignments in Stockholm format. You can download either the plain text alignment, or a gzipped version of it.

View options

We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family. You can see a description of each above. You can view these alignments in various ways but please note that some types of alignment are never generated while others may not be available for all families, most commonly because the alignments are too large to handle.

	Seed (106)	Full (2340)	Representative proteomes				UniProt (3717)
	Seed (106)	Full (2340)	RP15 (440)	RP35 (1104)	RP55 (1839)	RP75 (2468)	UniProt (3717)
Jalview	View	View	View	View	View	View	View
HTML	View	View
PP/heatmap	₁	View

¹Cannot generate PP/Heatmap alignments for seeds; no PP data available

Key: available, not generated, — not available.

Format an alignment

	Seed (106)	Full (2340)	Representative proteomes				UniProt (3717)
	Seed (106)	Full (2340)	RP15 (440)	RP35 (1104)	RP55 (1839)	RP75 (2468)	UniProt (3717)
Alignment:
Format:
Order:	Tree Alphabetical
Sequence:	Inserts lower case All upper case
Gaps:
Download/view:	Download View

Download options

We make all of our alignments available in Stockholm format. You can download them here as raw, plain text files or as gzip-compressed files.

	Seed (106)	Full (2340)	Representative proteomes				UniProt (3717)
	Seed (106)	Full (2340)	RP15 (440)	RP35 (1104)	RP55 (1839)	RP75 (2468)	UniProt (3717)
Raw Stockholm	Download	Download	Download	Download	Download	Download	Download
Gzipped	Download	Download	Download	Download	Download	Download	Download

You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.

HMM logo

HMM logos is one way of visualising profile HMMs. Logos provide a quick overview of the properties of an HMM in a graphical form. You can see a more detailed description of HMM logos and find out how you can interpret them here. More...

Trees

This page displays the phylogenetic tree for this family's seed alignment. We use FastTree to calculate neighbour join trees with a local bootstrap based on 100 resamples (shown next to the tree nodes). FastTree calculates approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees from our seed alignment.

Note: You can also download the data file for the tree.

Curation and family details

This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.

Curation

Seed source:

Pfam-B_7525 (release 10.0)

Previous IDs:

none

Type:

Family

Sequence Ontology:

SO:0100021

Author:

Vella Briffa B

Number in seed:

106

Number in full:

2340

Average length of the domain:

177.20 aa

Average identity of full alignment:

25 %

Average coverage of the sequence by the domain:

37.00 %

HMM information

HMM build commands:

build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED

search method: hmmsearch -Z 61295632 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq

Model details:

Parameter	Sequence	Domain
Gathering cut-off	24.6	24.6
Trusted cut-off	24.7	24.8
Noise cut-off	24.5	24.5

Model length:

187

Family (HMM) version:

15

Download:

download the raw HMM for this family

Species distribution

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Colour assignments

Archea	Eukaryota
Bacteria	Other sequences
Viruses	Unclassified
Viroids	Unclassified sequence

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This visualisation provides a simple graphical representation of the distribution of this family across species. You can find the original interactive tree in the adjacent tab. More...

This chart is a modified "sunburst" visualisation of the species tree for this family. It shows each node in the tree as a separate arc, arranged radially with the superkingdoms at the centre and the species arrayed around the outermost ring.

How the sunburst is generated

The tree is built by considering the taxonomic lineage of each sequence that has a match to this family. For each node in the resulting tree, we draw an arc in the sunburst. The radius of the arc, its distance from the root node at the centre of the sunburst, shows the taxonomic level ("superkingdom", "kingdom", etc). The length of the arc represents either the number of sequences represented at a given level, or the number of species that are found beneath the node in the tree. The weighting scheme can be changed using the sunburst controls.

In order to reduce the complexity of the representation, we reduce the number of taxonomic levels that we show. We consider only the following eight major taxonomic levels:

superkingdom
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Colouring and labels

Segments of the tree are coloured approximately according to their superkingdom. For example, archeal branches are coloured with shades of orange, eukaryotes in shades of purple, etc. The colour assignments are shown under the sunburst controls. Where space allows, the name of the taxonomic level will be written on the arc itself.

As you move your mouse across the sunburst, the current node will be highlighted. In the top section of the controls panel we show a summary of the lineage of the currently highlighed node. If you pause over an arc, a tooltip will be shown, giving the name of the taxonomic level in the title and a summary of the number of sequences and species below that node in the tree.

Anomalies in the taxonomy tree

There are some situations that the sunburst tree cannot easily handle and for which we have work-arounds in place.

Missing taxonomic levels

Some species in the taxonomic tree may not have one or more of the main eight levels that we display. For example, Bos taurus is not assigned an order in the NCBI taxonomic tree. In such cases we mark the omitted level with, for example, "No order", in both the tooltip and the lineage summary.

Unmapped species names

The tree is built by looking at each sequence in the full alignment for the family. We take the name of the species given by UniProt and try to map that to the full taxonomic tree from NCBI. In some cases, the name chosen by UniProt does not map to any node in the NCBI tree, perhaps because the chosen name is listed as a synonym or a misspelling in the NCBI taxonomy.

So that these nodes are not simply omitted from the sunburst tree, we group them together in a separate branch (or segment of the sunburst tree). Since we cannot determine the lineage for these unmapped species, we show all levels between the superkingdom and the species as "uncategorised".

Sub-species

Since we reduce the species tree to only the eight main taxonomic levels, sequences that are mapped to the sub-species level in the tree would not normally be shown. Rather than leave out these species, we map them instead to their parent species. So, for example, for sequences belonging to one of the Vibrio cholerae sub-species in the NCBI taxonomy, we show them instead as belonging to the species Vibrio cholerae.

Too many species/sequences

For large species trees, you may see blank regions in the outer layers of the sunburst. These occur when there are large numbers of arcs to be drawn in a small space. If an arc is less than approximately one pixel wide, it will not be drawn and the space will be left blank. You may still be able to get some information about the species in that region by moving your mouse across the area, but since each arc will be very small, it will be difficult to accurately locate a particular species.

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Tree controls

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The tree shows the occurrence of this domain across different species. More...

Species trees

We show the species tree in one of two ways. For smaller trees we try to show an interactive representation, which allows you to select specific nodes in the tree and view them as an alignment or as a set of Pfam domain graphics.

Unfortunately we have found that there are problems viewing the interactive tree when the it becomes larger than a certain limit. Furthermore, we have found that Internet Explorer can become unresponsive when viewing some trees, regardless of their size. We therefore show a text representation of the species tree when the size is above a certain limit or if you are using Internet Explorer to view the site.

If you are using IE you can still load the interactive tree by clicking the "Generate interactive tree" button, but please be aware of the potential problems that the interactive species tree can cause.

Interactive tree

For all of the domain matches in a full alignment, we count the number that are found on all sequences in the alignment. This total is shown in the purple box.

We also count the number of unique sequences on which each domain is found, which is shown in green. Note that a domain may appear multiple times on the same sequence, leading to the difference between these two numbers.

Finally, we group sequences from the same organism according to the NCBI code that is assigned by UniProt, allowing us to count the number of distinct sequences on which the domain is found. This value is shown in the pink boxes.

We use the NCBI species tree to group organisms according to their taxonomy and this forms the structure of the displayed tree. Note that in some cases the trees are too large (have too many nodes) to allow us to build an interactive tree, but in most cases you can still view the tree in a plain text, non-interactive representation. Those species which are represented in the seed alignment for this domain are highlighted.

You can use the tree controls to manipulate how the interactive tree is displayed:

show/hide the summary boxes
highlight species that are represented in the seed alignment
expand/collapse the tree or expand it to a given depth
select a sub-tree or a set of species within the tree and view them graphically or as an alignment
save a plain text representation of the tree

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Please note: for large trees this can take some time. While the tree is loading, you can safely switch away from this tab but if you browse away from the family page entirely, the tree will not be loaded.

AlphaFold Structure Predictions

The list of proteins below match this family and have AlphaFold predicted structures. Click on the protein accession to view the predicted structure.

Protein	Predicted structure	External Information
A0A0R0FXP8	View 3D Structure	Click here
A0A0R0H1C4	View 3D Structure	Click here
A0A0R4ITC8	View 3D Structure	Click here
A0A1I9LQF6	View 3D Structure	Click here
A0JNJ3	View 3D Structure	Click here
A8WFZ3	View 3D Structure	Click here
B4F8T3	View 3D Structure	Click here
B6UCD3	View 3D Structure	Click here
E9PT90	View 3D Structure	Click here
F4JNX2	View 3D Structure	Click here
I1J4J2	View 3D Structure	Click here
I1J8J9	View 3D Structure	Click here
I1JCF6	View 3D Structure	Click here
I1K5Z1	View 3D Structure	Click here
I1KPX0	View 3D Structure	Click here
I1LI25	View 3D Structure	Click here
I1LJ15	View 3D Structure	Click here
I1MM12	View 3D Structure	Click here
K7V8P7	View 3D Structure	Click here
O44735	View 3D Structure	Click here
O48832	View 3D Structure	Click here
Q10P99	View 3D Structure	Click here
Q54XZ6	View 3D Structure	Click here
Q5JM97	View 3D Structure	Click here
Q5Z9N6	View 3D Structure	Click here
Q8GY71	View 3D Structure	Click here
Q8MNF7	View 3D Structure	Click here
Q8N0X7	View 3D Structure	Click here
Q8R1X6	View 3D Structure	Click here
Q9LVE6	View 3D Structure	Click here
Q9SD22	View 3D Structure	Click here
Q9VN45	View 3D Structure	Click here

Showing 32 matches

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trRosetta Structure

The structural model below was generated by the Baker group with the trRosetta software using the Pfam UniProt multiple sequence alignment.

The InterPro website shows the contact map for the Pfam SEED alignment. Hovering or clicking on a contact position will highlight its connection to other residues in the alignment, as well as on the 3D structure.

Improved protein structure prediction using predicted inter-residue orientations. Jianyi Yang, Ivan Anishchenko, Hahnbeom Park, Zhenling Peng, Sergey Ovchinnikov, David Baker Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jan 2020, 117 (3) 1496-1503; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914677117;

Family: Senescence (PF06911)

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