Summary: TAT (twin-arginine translocation) pathway signal sequence
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TAT (twin-arginine translocation) pathway signal sequence Provide feedback
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Literature references
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Berks BC; , Mol Microbiol. 1996;22:393-404.: A common export pathway for proteins binding complex redox cofactors?. PUBMED:8939424 EPMC:8939424
Internal database links
SCOOP: | Ald_Xan_dh_C2 UCR_Fe-S_N |
Similarity to PfamA using HHSearch: | UCR_Fe-S_N FAD-SLDH |
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR019546
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway serves the role of transporting folded proteins across energy-transducing membranes [PUBMED:16322447]. Homologues of the genes that encode the transport apparatus occur in archaea, bacteria, chloroplasts, and plant mitochondria [PUBMED:12029389]. In bacteria, the Tat pathway catalyses the export of proteins from the cytoplasm across the inner/cytoplasmic membrane. In chloroplasts, the Tat components are found in the thylakoid membrane and direct the import of proteins from the stroma. The Tat pathway acts separately from the general secretory (Sec) pathway, which transports proteins in an unfolded state [PUBMED:16092521].
It is generally accepted that the primary role of the Tat system is to translocate fully folded proteins across membranes. An example of proteins that need to be exported in their 3D conformation are redox proteins that have acquired complex multi-atom cofactors in the bacterial cytoplasm (or the chloroplast stroma or mitochondrial matrix). They include hydrogenases, formate dehydrogenases, nitrate reductases, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductases and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) reductases [PUBMED:16756481, PUBMED:15546663]. The Tat system can also export whole heteroligomeric complexes in which some proteins have no Tat signal. This is the case of the DMSO reductase or formate dehydrogenase complexes. But there are also other cases where the physiological rationale for targeting a protein to the Tat signal is less obvious. Indeed, there are examples of homologous proteins that are in some cases targeted to the Tat pathway and in other cases to the Sec apparatus. Some examples are: copper nitrite reductases, flavin domains of flavocytochrome c and N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidases [PUBMED:15802249].
In halophilic archaea such as Halobacterium almost all secreted proteins appear to be Tat targeted. It has been proposed to be a response to the difficulties these organisms would otherwise face in successfully folding proteins extracellularly at high ionic strength [PUBMED:12427925].
The Tat signal peptide consists of three motifs: the positively charged N-terminal motif, the hydrophobic region and the C-terminal region that generally ends with a consensus short motif (A-x-A) specifying cleavage by signal peptidase. Sequence analysis revealed that signal peptides capable of targeting the Tat protein contain the consensus sequence [ST]-R-R-x-F-L-K. The nearly invariant twin-arginine gave rise to the pathway's name. In addition the h-region of Tat signal peptides is typically less hydrophobic than that of Sec-specific signal peptides [PUBMED:16756481, PUBMED:15546663].
Domain organisation
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Pfam Clan
This family is a member of clan TAT (CL0300), which has the following description:
This motif is found in a wide range of secreted proteins. It is named after the conserved pair of arginines that is followed by a hydrophobic stretch.
The clan contains the following 3 members:
TAT_signal UCR_Fe-S_N UCR_TMAlignments
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Seed (438) |
Full (4091) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (22089) |
NCBI (32560) |
Meta (642) |
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RP15 (476) |
RP35 (1740) |
RP55 (3971) |
RP75 (7244) |
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PP/heatmap | 1 |
1Cannot generate PP/Heatmap alignments for seeds; no PP data available
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Seed (438) |
Full (4091) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (22089) |
NCBI (32560) |
Meta (642) |
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RP15 (476) |
RP35 (1740) |
RP55 (3971) |
RP75 (7244) |
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Raw Stockholm | |||||||||
Gzipped |
You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.
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Curation and family details
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Curation
Seed source: | Bateman A |
Previous IDs: | none |
Type: | Motif |
Sequence Ontology: | SO:0001067 |
Author: |
Bateman A |
Number in seed: | 438 |
Number in full: | 4091 |
Average length of the domain: | 25.50 aa |
Average identity of full alignment: | 34 % |
Average coverage of the sequence by the domain: | 5.67 % |
HMM information
HMM build commands: |
build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED
search method: hmmsearch -Z 47079205 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq
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Model details: |
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Model length: | 26 | ||||||||||||
Family (HMM) version: | 10 | ||||||||||||
Download: | download the raw HMM for this family |
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