Summary: SH3 domain
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SH3 domain Edit Wikipedia article
| SH3 domain | |||||||||
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Ribbon diagram of the SH3 domain, alpha spectrin, from chicken (PDB accession code 1SHG), colored from blue (N-terminus) to red (C-terminus).
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| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | SH3_1 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF00018 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0010 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001452 | ||||||||
| SMART | SM00326 | ||||||||
| PROSITE | PS50002 | ||||||||
| SCOP | 1shf | ||||||||
| SUPERFAMILY | 1shf | ||||||||
| CDD | cd00174 | ||||||||
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The SRC Homology 3 Domain (or SH3 domain) is a small protein domain of about 60 amino acid residues. Initially, SH3 was described as a conserved sequence in the viral adaptor protein v-Crk. This domain is also present in the molecules of phospholipase and several cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases such as Abl and Src.[1][2] It has also been identified in several other protein families such as: PI3 Kinase, Ras GTPase-activating protein, CDC24 and cdc25.[3][4][5] SH3 domains are found in proteins of signaling pathways regulating the cytoskeleton, the Ras protein, and the Src kinase and many others. The SH3 proteins interact with adaptor proteins and tyrosine kinases. Interacting with tyrosine kinases SH3 proteins usually bind far away from the active site. Approximately 300 SH3 domains are found in proteins encoded in the human genome. In addition to that, the SH3 domain was responsible for controlling protein-protein interactions in the signal transduction pathways[6] and regulating the interactions of proteins involved in the cytoplasmic signaling.[7]
Contents
Structure
The SH3 domain has a characteristic beta-barrel fold that consists of five or six β-strands arranged as two tightly packed anti-parallel β sheets. The linker regions may contain short helices. The SH3-type fold is an ancient fold found in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes.[8]
Peptide binding
The classical SH3 domain is usually found in proteins that interact with other proteins and mediate assembly of specific protein complexes, typically via binding to proline-rich peptides in their respective binding partner. Classical SH3 domains are restricted in humans to intracellular proteins, although the small human MIA family of extracellular proteins also contain a domain with an SH3-like fold.
Many SH3-binding epitopes of proteins have a consensus sequence that can be represented as a regular expression or Short linear motif:
-X-P-p-X-P- 1 2 3 4 5
with 1 and 4 being aliphatic amino acids, 2 and 5 always and 3 sometimes being proline. The sequence binds to the hydrophobic pocket of the SH3 domain. More recently, SH3 domains that bind to a core consensus motif R-x-x-K have been described. Examples are the C-terminal SH3 domains of adaptor proteins like Grb2 and Mona (a.k.a. Gads, Grap2, Grf40, GrpL etc.). Other SH3 binding motifs have emerged and are still emerging in the course of various molecular studies, highlighting the versatility of this domain.
SH3 interactomes
SH3 domain mediated protein-protein interaction networks, i.e., SH3 interactomes, revealed that worm SH3 interactome resembles the analogous yeast network because it is significantly enriched for proteins with roles in endocytosis.[9][10] Nevertheless, orthologous SH3 domain-mediated interactions are highly rewired between worm and yeast.[9]
Proteins with SH3 domain
- Signal transducing adaptor proteins
- CDC24
- Cdc25
- PI3 kinase
- Phospholipase
- Ras GTPase-activating protein
- Vav proto-oncogene
- GRB2
- p54 S6 kinase 2 (S6K2)
- SH3D21
- C10orf76 (potentially)
- STAC3
- Some myosins
- SHANK1,2,3
- ARHGAP12
- C8orf46
- TANGO1
- Integrase
- Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK, PTK2)
- Proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2, CADTK, PTK2beta)
- TRIP10 (cip4)
See also
References
- ^ Pawson T, Schlessingert J (July 1993). "SH2 and SH3 domains". Current Biology. 3 (7): 434–42. PMID 15335710. doi:10.1016/0960-9822(93)90350-W.
- ^ Mayer BJ (April 2001). "SH3 domains: complexity in moderation". Journal of Cell Science. 114 (Pt 7): 1253–63. PMID 11256992.
- ^ Musacchio A, Gibson T, Lehto VP, Saraste M (July 1992). "SH3--an abundant protein domain in search of a function". FEBS Letters. 307 (1): 55–61. PMID 1639195. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80901-R.
- ^ Mayer BJ, Baltimore D (January 1993). "Signalling through SH2 and SH3 domains". Trends in Cell Biology. 3 (1): 8–13. PMID 14731533. doi:10.1016/0962-8924(93)90194-6.
- ^ Pawson T (February 1995). "Protein modules and signalling networks". Nature. 373 (6515): 573–80. PMID 7531822. doi:10.1038/373573a0.
- ^ Schlessinger J (February 1994). "SH2/SH3 signaling proteins". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 4 (1): 25–30. PMID 8193536. doi:10.1016/0959-437X(94)90087-6.
- ^ Koch CA, Anderson D, Moran MF, Ellis C, Pawson T (May 1991). "SH2 and SH3 domains: elements that control interactions of cytoplasmic signaling proteins". Science. 252 (5006): 668–74. PMID 1708916.
- ^ Whisstock JC, Lesk AM (April 1999). "SH3 domains in prokaryotes". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 24 (4): 132–3. PMID 10322416. doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(99)01366-3.
- ^ a b Xin, Xiaofeng; Gfeller, David; Cheng, Jackie; Tonikian, Raffi; Sun, Lin; Guo, Ailan; Lopez, Lianet; Pavlenco, Alevtina; Akintobi, Adenrele (2013-01-01). "SH3 interactome conserves general function over specific form". Molecular Systems Biology. 9: 652. ISSN 1744-4292. PMC 3658277
. PMID 23549480. doi:10.1038/msb.2013.9. - ^ Tonikian, Raffi; Xin, Xiaofeng; Toret, Christopher P.; Gfeller, David; Landgraf, Christiane; Panni, Simona; Paoluzi, Serena; Castagnoli, Luisa; Currell, Bridget (2009-10-01). "Bayesian modeling of the yeast SH3 domain interactome predicts spatiotemporal dynamics of endocytosis proteins". PLOS Biology. 7 (10): e1000218. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 2756588 . PMID 19841731. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000218.
External links
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_SH3_1
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_SH3_2
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_SH3_3
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_SH3_4
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_SH3_5
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_PEX_1
- Nash Lab Protein Interaction Domains in Signal Transduction - The SH3 domain
- GENEART - Screen your protein against all human SH3 domains in a single phage display cycle
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This tab holds the annotation information that is stored in the Pfam database. As we move to using Wikipedia as our main source of annotation, the contents of this tab will be gradually replaced by the Wikipedia tab.
SH3 domain Provide feedback
SH3 (Src homology 3) domains are often indicative of a protein involved in signal transduction related to cytoskeletal organisation. First described in the Src cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase P12931. The structure is a partly opened beta barrel.
Literature references
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Kami K, Takeya R, Sumimoto H, Kohda D; , EMBO J 2002;21:4268-4276.: Diverse recognition of non-PxxP peptide ligands by the SH3 domains from p67(phox), Grb2 and Pex13p. PUBMED:12169629 EPMC:12169629
Internal database links
| SCOOP: | DUF4648 hSH3 SH3_2 SH3_3 SH3_4 SH3_9 |
| Similarity to PfamA using HHSearch: | SH3_2 SH3_3 SH3_9 |
External database links
| HOMSTRAD: | sh3 |
| PRINTS: | PR00452 |
| PROSITE: | PDOC50002 |
| SCOP: | 1shf |
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR001452
SH3 (src Homology-3) domains are small protein modules containing approximately 50 amino acid residues [PUBMED:15335710, PUBMED:11256992]. They are found in a great variety of intracellular or membrane-associated proteins [PUBMED:1639195, PUBMED:14731533, PUBMED:7531822] for example, in a variety of proteins with enzymatic activity, in adaptor proteins, such as fodrin and yeast actin binding protein ABP-1.
The SH3 domain has a characteristic fold which consists of five or six beta-strands arranged as two tightly packed anti-parallel beta sheets. The linker regions may contain short helices. The surface of the SH3-domain bears a flat, hydrophobic ligand-binding pocket which consists of three shallow grooves defined by conservative aromatic residues in which the ligand adopts an extended left-handed helical arrangement. The ligand binds with low affinity but this may be enhanced by multiple interactions. The region bound by the SH3 domain is in all cases proline-rich and contains PXXP as a core-conserved binding motif. The function of the SH3 domain is not well understood but they may mediate many diverse processes such as increasing local concentration of proteins, altering their subcellular location and mediating the assembly of large multiprotein complexes [PUBMED:7953536].
The crystal structure of the SH3 domain of the cytoskeletal protein spectrin, and the solution structures of SH3 domains of phospholipase C (PLC-y) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85 alpha-subunit, have been determined [PUBMED:1279434, PUBMED:7684655, PUBMED:7681365]. In spite of relatively limited sequence similarity, their overall structures are similar. The domains belong to the alpha+beta structural class, with 5 to 8 beta-strands forming 2 tightly-packed, anti-parallel beta-sheets arranged in a barrel-like structure, and intervening loops sometimes forming helices. Conserved aliphatic and aromatic residues form a hydrophobic core (A11, L23, A29, V34, W42, L52 and V59 in PLC-y [PUBMED:7681365]) and a hydrophobic pocket on the molecular surface (L12, F13, W53 and P55 in PLC-y). The conserved core is believed to stabilise the fold, while the pocket is thought to serve as a binding site for target proteins. Conserved carboxylic amino acids located in the loops, on the periphery of the pocket (D14 and E22), may be involved in protein-protein interactions via proline-rich regions. The N- and C-termini are packed in close proximity, indicating that they are independent structural modules.
Gene Ontology
The mapping between Pfam and Gene Ontology is provided by InterPro. If you use this data please cite InterPro.
| Molecular function | protein binding (GO:0005515) |
Domain organisation
Below is a listing of the unique domain organisations or architectures in which this domain is found. More...
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Pfam Clan
This family is a member of clan SH3 (CL0010), which has the following description:
Src homology-3 (SH3) domains are comprised of about 60 amino acids, performing either an assembly or regulatory role. For example, SH3 domains in the Grb2 adaptor protein are essential for protein-protein interactions and signal transduction in the p21 Ras-dependent growth factor signaling pathway. Alternatively, SH3 performs a regulatory role in the Src family of tyrosine kinases. SH3 domains bind a variety of peptide ligands, many of which contain a PxxP motif. This PxxP motif is flanked by different specificity elements [1]. Structures of SH3 domains, both free and ligand complexed, have provided insights into the mechanism of ligand recognition. The SH3 fold consists of two anti-parallel beta sheets that lie at right angles to each other. Within the fold, there are two variable loops, referred to as RT and n-Src loops. When SH3 binds to its ligand, the proline rich ligand adopts a PPII helix conformation, with the PPII helix structure recognised by a pair of grooves on the surface of the SH3 domain that bind turns of the helix. The SH3 grooves are formed by a series of nearly parallel, well-conserved aromatic residues [1].
The clan contains the following 14 members:
CAP_GLY DUF3104 DUF4453 Gemin6 hSH3 PhnA SH3_1 SH3_2 SH3_3 SH3_4 SH3_5 SH3_6 SH3_8 SH3_9Alignments
We store a range of different sequence alignments for families. As well as the seed alignment from which the family is built, we provide the full alignment, generated by searching the sequence database (reference proteomes) using the family HMM. We also generate alignments using four representative proteomes (RP) sets, the UniProtKB sequence database, the NCBI sequence database, and our metagenomics sequence database. More...
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| Seed (57) |
Full (23159) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (35512) |
NCBI (154153) |
Meta (100) |
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| RP15 (5226) |
RP35 (10396) |
RP55 (16535) |
RP75 (21003) |
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| PP/heatmap | 1 | ||||||||
1Cannot generate PP/Heatmap alignments for seeds; no PP data available
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| Seed (57) |
Full (23159) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (35512) |
NCBI (154153) |
Meta (100) |
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| RP15 (5226) |
RP35 (10396) |
RP55 (16535) |
RP75 (21003) |
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| Raw Stockholm | |||||||||
| Gzipped | |||||||||
You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.
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Trees
This page displays the phylogenetic tree for this family's seed alignment. We use FastTree to calculate neighbour join trees with a local bootstrap based on 100 resamples (shown next to the tree nodes). FastTree calculates approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees from our seed alignment.
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Curation and family details
This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.
Curation
| Seed source: | Prosite |
| Previous IDs: | SH3; |
| Type: | Domain |
| Author: | Cerutti L, Sonnhammer ELL, Eddy SR, Finn RD |
| Number in seed: | 57 |
| Number in full: | 23159 |
| Average length of the domain: | 47.20 aa |
| Average identity of full alignment: | 29 % |
| Average coverage of the sequence by the domain: | 7.11 % |
HMM information
| HMM build commands: |
build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED
search method: hmmsearch -Z 26740544 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq
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| Model details: |
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| Model length: | 48 | ||||||||||||
| Family (HMM) version: | 27 | ||||||||||||
| Download: | download the raw HMM for this family |
Species distribution
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Colour assignments
Archea
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Eukaryota
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Viruses
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Interactions
Structures
For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the SH3_1 domain has been found. There are 555 instances of this domain found in the PDB. Note that there may be multiple copies of the domain in a single PDB structure, since many structures contain multiple copies of the same protein seqence.
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