Summary: Common central domain of tyrosinase
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This is the Wikipedia entry entitled "Tyrosinase". More...
Tyrosinase Edit Wikipedia article
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Common central domain of tyrosinase Provide feedback
This family also contains polyphenol oxidases and some hemocyanins. Binds two copper ions via two sets of three histidines. This family is related to PF00372.
Literature references
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Volbeda A, Hol WG; , J Mol Biol 1989;209:249-279.: Crystal structure of hexameric haemocyanin from Panulirus interruptus refined at 3.2 A resolution. PUBMED:2585484 EPMC:2585484
Internal database links
SCOOP: | Hemocyanin_M |
External database links
PRINTS: | PR00092 |
PROSITE: | PDOC00398 |
SCOP: | 1hc2 |
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR002227
Tyrosinase (EC) [PUBMED:3130643] is a copper monooxygenases that catalyzes the hydroxylation of monophenols and the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinols. This enzyme, found in prokaryotes as well as in eukaryotes, is involved in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Tyrosinase binds two copper ions (CuA and CuB). Each of the two copper ions has been shown [PUBMED:1901488] to be bound by three conserved histidines residues. The regions around these copper-binding ligands are well conserved and also shared by some hemocyanins, which are copper-containing oxygen carriers from the hemolymph of many molluscs and arthropods [PUBMED:2664531, PUBMED:1898774]. At least two proteins related to tyrosinase are known to exist in mammals, and include TRP-1 (TYRP1) [PUBMED:7813420], which is responsible for the conversion of 5,6-dihydro-xyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) to indole-5,6-quinone-2-carboxylic acid; and TRP-2 (TYRP2) [PUBMED:1537334], which is the melanogenic enzyme DOPAchrome tautomerase (EC) that catalyzes the conversion of DOPAchrome to DHICA. TRP-2 differs from tyrosinases and TRP-1 in that it binds two zinc ions instead of copper [PUBMED:7980602]. Other proteins that belong to this family are plant polyphenol oxidases (PPO) (EC), which catalyze the oxidation of mono- and o-diphenols to o-diquinones [PUBMED:1391768]; and Caenorhabditis elegans hypothetical protein C02C2.1.
Gene Ontology
The mapping between Pfam and Gene Ontology is provided by InterPro. If you use this data please cite InterPro.
Molecular function | oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491) |
Domain organisation
Below is a listing of the unique domain organisations or architectures in which this domain is found. More...
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Pfam Clan
This family is a member of clan Di-copper (CL0205), which has the following description:
This superfamily includes tyrosinases and hemocyanins that share a di-copper centre [1].
The clan contains the following 2 members:
Hemocyanin_M TyrosinaseAlignments
We store a range of different sequence alignments for families. As well as the seed alignment from which the family is built, we provide the full alignment, generated by searching the sequence database (reference proteomes) using the family HMM. We also generate alignments using four representative proteomes (RP) sets, the UniProtKB sequence database, the NCBI sequence database, and our metagenomics sequence database. More...
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We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family. You can see a description of each above. You can view these alignments in various ways but please note that some types of alignment are never generated while others may not be available for all families, most commonly because the alignments are too large to handle.
Seed (121) |
Full (7561) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (19116) |
NCBI (23435) |
Meta (32) |
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RP15 (1474) |
RP35 (3590) |
RP55 (5874) |
RP75 (8592) |
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PP/heatmap | 1 |
1Cannot generate PP/Heatmap alignments for seeds; no PP data available
Key:
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Seed (121) |
Full (7561) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (19116) |
NCBI (23435) |
Meta (32) |
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RP15 (1474) |
RP35 (3590) |
RP55 (5874) |
RP75 (8592) |
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Raw Stockholm | |||||||||
Gzipped |
You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.
HMM logo
HMM logos is one way of visualising profile HMMs. Logos provide a quick overview of the properties of an HMM in a graphical form. You can see a more detailed description of HMM logos and find out how you can interpret them here. More...
Trees
This page displays the phylogenetic tree for this family's seed alignment. We use FastTree to calculate neighbour join trees with a local bootstrap based on 100 resamples (shown next to the tree nodes). FastTree calculates approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees from our seed alignment.
Note: You can also download the data file for the tree.
Curation and family details
This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.
Curation
Seed source: | Prosite |
Previous IDs: | tyrosinase; |
Type: | Domain |
Sequence Ontology: | SO:0000417 |
Author: |
Sonnhammer ELL |
Number in seed: | 121 |
Number in full: | 7561 |
Average length of the domain: | 202.90 aa |
Average identity of full alignment: | 21 % |
Average coverage of the sequence by the domain: | 44.37 % |
HMM information
HMM build commands: |
build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED
search method: hmmsearch -Z 47079205 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq
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Model details: |
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Model length: | 222 | ||||||||||||
Family (HMM) version: | 21 | ||||||||||||
Download: | download the raw HMM for this family |
Species distribution
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Interactions
Structures
For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the Tyrosinase domain has been found. There are 316 instances of this domain found in the PDB. Note that there may be multiple copies of the domain in a single PDB structure, since many structures contain multiple copies of the same protein sequence.
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